Three principal faults form the Lake Tahoe basin: the West Tahoe Fault, aligned between Meyers and Tahoe City, and which is the local segment of the Sierra Nevada Fault, extending on shore north and south of these localities the Stateline/North Tahoe Fault, starting in the middle of the lake and creating the relief that forms Stateline, NV and the Incline Village Fault, which runs parallel to the Stateline/North Tahoe Fault offshore and into Incline Village. Lake Tahoe is the youngest of several extensional basins of the Walker Lane deformation zone that accommodates nearly 0.47 in (12 mm) per year of dextral shear between the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley Block and North America. This kind of faulting is characteristic of the geology of the adjoining Great Basin to the east. Down-dropping and block tilting (half- grabens) created the Lake Tahoe Basin in between. Uplifted blocks created the Carson Range on the east and the main Sierra Nevada crest on the west. The Lake Tahoe Basin was formed by vertical motion (normal) faulting. Around New Year 1996/1997 a Pineapple Express atmospheric river melted snow and caused the lake and river to overflow, inundating Reno and surrounding areas. The maximum legal limit to which the lake can be allowed to rise in order to store water is at 6,229.1 ft (1,898.6 m) a spillway at the dam controls overflow. The natural rim is at 6,223 ft (1,897 m) above sea level. The flow of the Truckee River and the height of the lake are controlled by the Lake Tahoe Dam at the outlet. Evaporation is thought to account for 40 to 60 percent of the water usage. It accounts for one third of the water that leaves the lake, the rest evaporating from the lake's vast surface. The Truckee River is the lake's only outlet, flowing northeast through Reno, Nevada, into Pyramid Lake which has no outlet. Fata Morgana may be responsible for Tahoe Tessie sightings. Visibility may vary somewhat with atmospheric refraction when the air temperature is much greater than the lake temperature, looming may occur where the lake surface or opposing shoreline is lifted above the horizon. At lake level the opposing shorelines are below the horizon at its widest parts by nearly 100 feet (30 m) at its maximum width, and by some 320 feet (98 m) along its length. The lake is so large that its surface is noticeably convex due to the curvature of the earth. It is about 22 mi (35 km) long and 12 mi (19 km) wide and has 72 mi (116 km) of shoreline and a surface area of 191 square miles (490 km 2). Tahoe is the 17th deepest lake in the world, and the sixth deepest in average depth. Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the U.S., with a maximum depth of 1,645 feet (501 m), trailing Oregon's Crater Lake at 1,949 ft (594 m). See also: List of Lake Tahoe peaks and Lake Tahoe-Nevada State Park This may be because of Tahoe's importance to Washo culture. The name for Lake Tahoe derives from the Washo word for the lake, "Dáʔaw ," meaning "The Lake." Even though dáʔaw is used in the names of other lakes with modifiers (for example, Á’waku dáʔaw for Pyramid Lake, meaning "trout lake"), it often is used without a modifier to refer to Lake Tahoe. The Nevada side also offers several lakeside casino resorts, with highways providing year-round access to the entire area. Snow and ski resorts are a significant part of the area's economy and reputation. It is home to winter sports, summer outdoor recreation, and scenery enjoyed throughout the year. Lake Tahoe is a major tourist attraction in both Nevada and California. The area surrounding the lake is also referred to as Lake Tahoe, or simply Tahoe its English name is derived from its Washo name, "Dáʔaw." More than 75% of the lake's watershed is national forest land, covered by the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit of the United States Forest Service. It is known for the clarity of its water and the panorama of surrounding mountains on all sides. The lake was formed about two million years ago as part of the Lake Tahoe Basin, and its modern extent was shaped during the ice ages. Its depth is 1,645 ft (501 m), making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon (1,949 ft or 594 m). Lying at 6,225 ft (1,897 m) above sea level, Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, and at 122,160,280 acre⋅ft (150.7 km 3) it trails only the five Great Lakes as the largest by volume in the United States. Lake Tahoe ( / ˈ t ɑː h oʊ/ Washo: Dáʔaw) is a freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the Western United States, straddling the border between California and Nevada. The Sierra Nevada of the U.S., along the state line of California and Nevadaģ6 cu mi (150 km 3 120,000,000 acre⋅ft) ġ Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
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